Introduction
Are you trying to optimize your strength, maximize muscle growth, and/or increase local muscular endurance? Here we will dive into the intricacies of strength, hypertrophy, and local muscular endurance. We’ll be breaking down the science behind rep schemes and telling you everything you need to know the proper range you should be working within. Whether you’re a seasoned lifter or just starting, understanding the ideal rep range is your gateway to reaching the physique and training adaptations you desire. Read more to discover the nuanced approach to reps that could transform your resistance training game.
The information on this page is based on data collected from numerous peer reviewed research articles.
Below is a summary of the research methods, data, and conclusion of the article, Loading Recommendations for Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Local Endurance: A Re-Examination of the Repetition Continuum.
The Repetition Continuum Explained
There is a widely accepted notion known as the “repetition continuum” which states that sets involving high loads and low repetitions (1-5) will invoke the greatest adaptations in muscular strength, sets involving intermediate loads and repetitions (8-12) will invoke the greatest adaptations in muscular hypertrophy, and sets involving low loads and high repetitions (>15) will invoke the greatest adaptations in muscular endurance. The article aims to critically review existing literature, identify gaps, and propose a paradigm shift, suggesting that muscular adaptations can be achieved across a broader range of loading zones. We will explore in-depth the nuanced implications of this new perspective.
The Answer
Strength
Maximal gains in muscular strength – that is the ability to produce great levels of maximal force – are greatest at low rep ranges,1-5. Muscular strength training is essential for building and maximizing the force-producing capacity of muscles. It enhances overall physical performance, aids in injury prevention, and supports functional abilities. Increased muscular strength contributes to improved posture, bone mineral density, and metabolic health. Whether pursuing athletic goals or seeking better functional capacity, muscular strength training is a cornerstone for optimizing physical well-being and resilience.
Hypertrophy
There is technically no “optimal rep-range” for hypertrophy (muscle growth), hypertrophy occurs along a vast spectrum of rep-ranges. If your goal, for example, is to primarily train muscular strength, you will still promote muscular hypertrophy. You’ll do this while training heavy at low rep-ranges. Rep-ranges of 8-12 are recommended primarily due to the fact that this range helps to optimize workout duration and provide a healthy balance of mechanical tension and metabolic stress. 3 sets of 8-12 reps with a moderate rest period is more time effective than 5 sets of 5 with a heavier load and long rest periods or 3 long sets of 20 with a lighter load, although all three could invoke similar adaptations in muscle size.
Reps and Local Muscular Endurance
Maximal gains in local muscular endurance – that is the capacity of a specific muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions or resist fatigue over an extended period of time – occur while working in sets of greater than 12 repetitions. Training local muscular endurance is crucial for activities requiring sustained muscle contractions. Improved endurance enhances performance in sports, prevents premature fatigue during daily tasks, and promotes overall functional fitness. Endurance training contributes to better cardiovascular health, efficient energy utilization, and resilience against muscle fatigue. And it also supports an active and healthy lifestyle.
